1h atrás
Bitcoin Core Developer Floats Idea to Freeze 5.6M BTC Amid Future Quantum Threat Concerns
Bitcoin core developer Jameson Lopp says he would prefer the network freeze an estimated 5.6 million BTC he believes are effectively lost, rather than risk those coins being recovered one day by quantum-capable attackers.
In comments to CoinDesk, Lopp stressed he is not calling for anyone's bitcoin to be frozen today and does not think such measures are currently needed. He said his view is driven by modeling worst-case future scenarios, arguing that removing long-dormant coins from potential circulation could be safer than allowing them to be captured by an entity that "likely doesn't care much about the ecosystem."
Lopp's remarks follow the Tuesday publication of BIP361, a proposal he co-authored that examines a path toward retiring bitcoin's current signature scheme and, over time, invalidating transactions from wallets deemed vulnerable to quantum attacks. Under that approach, funds in wallets that fail to migrate could ultimately be frozen.
At current prices, the dormant coins Lopp referenced would be worth about $420 billion. In a subsequent post on X, he said he "doesn't like" the proposal and hopes it never has to be used, calling it a rough contingency concept rather than a finished specification. "I wrote it because I like the alternative even less," he added, arguing that in an existential crisis, "individual economic incentives outweigh philosophical principles."
Lopp has previously criticized the idea of "quantum recovery," describing it as rewarding technological dominance instead of constructive participation in the network. "Quantum miners don't trade anything," he wrote. "They are vampires feeding upon the system."
About 28% of all bitcoin—roughly 5.6 million BTC—has not moved in more than a decade, Lopp said, with many analysts viewing a large portion as likely lost. If quantum computing advances eventually enabled recovery of those coins, he warned it could inject major volatility and damage confidence in the world's largest cryptocurrency.
The proposal is in early stages and has no timeline for adoption, but it has already ignited intense community debate. Lopp framed the concept as a way to push wallet upgrades before a real threat materializes. "It's not that I want to freeze anyone's bitcoin," he said. "We believe it will be necessary to incentivize the ecosystem to upgrade because humans tend to be procrastinators."
Any such change would require broad consensus across bitcoin's decentralized network. While there is no formal vote, past protocol upgrades have depended on overwhelming miner support for activation.
Lopp said the larger risk may be reputational rather than purely market-driven. Even without a mass dump of recovered coins, he argued that credible proof of quantum capability could trigger immediate panic. "It doesn't even require a massive market dump," he said. "If there is any credible evidence that anyone has the capability to recover lost or vulnerable coins with a quantum computer, you should expect a massive market panic immediately." He added that rational holders would likely exit until the blockchain is secured against such threats.
The debate highlights a growing rift between bitcoin's promise of immutable, censorship-resistant ownership and potential defensive steps against future shocks. Mati Greenspan, founder of Quantum Economics, said the dispute is more philosophical than technical. "The path to quantum resistance is relatively clear," he said. "The real question is how the Bitcoin community chooses to handle vulnerable coins along the way."
Greenspan warned that freezing dormant accounts would represent a meaningful break from bitcoin's core principles. "On one hand, freezing dormant or exposed coins could remove a major tail risk and protect market confidence," he said. "On the other, it introduces a precedent of intervention that many would argue is more dangerous than the threat itself." He added that visible quantum attacks on dormant wallets could spark panic even without a large-scale selloff.
Others echo concerns that a freeze would weaken bitcoin's foundational guarantees. "Ownership becomes conditional. Having keys no longer guarantees you can spend," said Leo Fan, founder of Cysic and former lead on quantum resilience at Algorand. "That weakens Bitcoin's 'unstoppable money' promise." Fan said he opposes freezing, but noted that taking millions of coins out of circulation could tighten supply and potentially lift bitcoin's value.